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Summary of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL)

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is an approach to teaching and learning in which the computer and computer-based resources such as the Internet are used to present, reinforce and assess material to be learned. It usually includes a substantial interactive element. It also includes the search for and the investigation of applications in language teaching and learning. Except for self-study software, CALL is meant to supplement face-to-face language instruction, not replace it.

CALL has also been known by several other terms such as technology-enhanced language learning, computer-assisted language instruction (Davies) and computer-aided language learning but the field is the same.

The technologies used in CALL instruction generally fall into two categories, software and Internet-based activities.

Software

Software used in a CALL environment can be designed specifically for foreign/second language learning or adapted for this purpose. Most language textbook publishers offer educational software of some sort, whether it is meant to support a paper textbook or to stand alone for self-study. Most programs designed for language learning are tutorials. These generally are drill programs that consist of a brief introduction plus a series of questions to which the learner responds and then the computer gives some kind of feedback. With these kinds of programs, the material to be learned may already be programmed in by the publisher, which is more common, or may allow the instructor to program in the material to be learned.

Internet Based

Internet activities vary considerably, from online versions of software (where the learner interacts with a networked computer), to computer mediated communication  (where the learner interacts with other people via the computer), to applications that combine these two elements. Nowadays, web sites that cater to foreign-language learners, especially those learning English, are so numerous and varied that it can be very difficult to determine where to begin

          There are some advantages of call, they are :

Motivation

CALL’s activity can promote motivation in students is by personalizing information.

Adopting Learning to the Student

Computers can give a new role to teaching materials. Without computers, students cannot really influence the linear progression of the class content but computers can adapt to the student. Adapting to the student usually means that the student controls the pace of the learning but also means that students can make choices in what and how to learn, skipping unnecessary items or doing remedial work on difficult concepts.

Critical thinking skills

Use of computer technology in classrooms is generally reported to improve self-concept and mastery of basic skills, more student-centered learning and engagement in the learning process, more active processing resulting in higher-order thinking skills and better recall, gain confidence in directing their own learning. This is true for both language and non-language classrooms.

Summary of ICT in Language Learning

Now, ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has been used in almost all fields of life, including in education. In education, computer technology has become so essential that the government put ICT as one of the curriculum in Indonesia’s education. The utilization of ICT in education has recently started to appeal the potential and significant progress in language learning.It has become a major issue in education world and has been used from preschool through to university that could facilitate students and teacher in teaching and learning process. ICT has been publicized as potentially powerful enabling tools for educational change and reform. The computers play significant role in the learning process especially in learning language.

The technology in this era has been grown up not only from the quality but also the efficiency. They are moving fast without any limit from every product. The need of technological innovation has brought the communication revolution and rapid development of technological application in teaching and learning. This technology made contribution on improving language communication in Indonesia. Every school has used the ICT to facilitate the teacher to teach the students in the classroom. Many kinds of application that they use in the classroom improved and enhanced the better lesson.

ICT is a valuable tool to enhance teaching and learning. For teachers ICT is a professional resources, mode of classroom delivery, and a source of valid and valuable text types. For students, ICT provides opportunities to communicate more effectively and to develop literacy skills including skills in critical literacy. It is valuable tool for researching, composing and reaponding, and viewing and representing in English. There are some free online tools for teaching, such as :

1.     Wallwisher

2.     Prezi

3.     Study blue

4.     Animoto

5.     Wordle

6.     Storybird

7.   Popplet

8.  Google Docs

Worldwide research has shown that ICT can lead to improved student learning and better teaching methods. A report made by the National Institute of Multimedia Education in Japan, proved that an  increase in student exposure to educational ICT through curriculum integration has a significant and positive impact on student achievement, especially in terms of "Knowledge・Comprehension" · "Practical skill"  and "Presentation skill" in subject areas such as mathematics, science, and social study.

However, you can see that there are many education technology solutions provided in the world which may cause confusion among educators about how to choose the right ICT solution. Let's have a look at the advantages and disadvantages of ICT tools for education and discover what kind of education ICT solution is suitable for your school needs.

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Management Information System, Hypertext, Hypermedia, Multimedia

Management Information System

            Management Information System is a computer based system that provides information for the users who have similar needs or purposes and this system is commonly used in business   (such as Corporate Finance, Marketing, Management,  Accounting) and technology (Such as in Computer Engineering, Computer Science).

Hypertext

            Hypertext is a text that related with other documents or a text that has a links to the other information so that the readers can directly access that information by push click button. Usually hypertext is marked in blue.

Hypermedia

            Hypermedia is an extension of the term hypertext that enables a user to access not only text but also can access photo, audio, video and computer graphics related to particular topic directly.

Multimedia

            Multimedia is a media that has a combination of various form of  information such as text, graphics,  video, and audio as a supported media to convey information or simply gives entertainment to users.

The conclusion between Management Information System, Hypertext, Hypermedia and Multimedia is they are really useful for users to access information easily and efficiently.