Name : Rahmi Nur Baity W.
NIM : 2201412005
The following are the different
translation procedures that Newmark (1988b) proposes:
- Transference:
it is the process of transferring an SL word to a TL text. It includes
transliteration and is the same as what Harvey (2000:5) named
"transcription."
Example 1. My uncle works as supervisor
in that company : Pamanku bekerja sebagai supervisor
di perusahan ity
2. Jack is a master in mathematic : Jack adalah seorang master di matematika.
- Naturalization:
it adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to the
normal morphology of the TL. (Newmark, 1988b:82)
Example 1. psychology =
psikologi
2. photo = foto
- Cultural equivalent:
it means replacing a cultural word in the SL with a TL one. however,
"they are not accurate" (Newmark, 1988b:83)
Example 1. Mini baseball
= kasti
2. pedicab
= becak
- Functional equivalent:
it requires the use of a culture-neutral word. (Newmark, 1988b:83)
Example 1. Hanbok (Korea) = Kebaya
2.
Sambrero (Meksiko) = Blankon
- Descriptive equivalent: in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is
explained in several words. (Newmark, 1988b:83)
Example 1. Panettone = the traditional cookies from Italy that we
can eat in every new year party
2. Bir
Pletok = the traditional drinks from Betawi that’s mnde by ginger
- Componential analysis:
it means "comparing an SL word with a TL word which has a similar
meaning but is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating
first their common and then their differing sense components."
(Newmark, 1988b:114)
Example 1.
2.
- Synonymy:
it is a "near TL equivalent." Here economy trumps accuracy.
(Newmark, 1988b:84)
Example 1. Smart = clever = brainy
2. honest
= fair = frank = truthful
- Through-translation:
it is the literal translation of common collocations, names of
organizations and components of compounds. It can also be called: calque
or loan translation. (Newmark, 1988b:84)
Example 1. Normal school
= sekolah normal
2. Manchester
University = Universitas Manchester
- Shifts or transpositions: it involves a change in the grammar from SL to TL,
for instance, (i) change from singular to plural, (ii) the change required
when a specific SL structure does not exist in the TL, (iii) change of an
SL verb to a TL word, change of an SL noun group to a TL noun and so
forth. (Newmark, 1988b:86)
Example 1. Children = our
children
2. succeed
= success
- Modulation:
it occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original text
in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the
SL and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective. (Newmark,
1988b:88)
Example 1. Youre going to have a nephew = anda akan jadi tante
2. The
laws of Germany govern this Agreement. = Perjanjian
ini diatur oleh hukum Jerman.
- Recognized translation: it occurs when the translator "normally uses the
official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional
term." (Newmark, 1988b:89)
Example 1. United Kingdom
= Britannia
2. Uni Soviet = USSR (Uni Soviet Socialist Republic)
- Compensation:
it occurs when loss of meaning in one part of a sentence is compensated in
another part. (Newmark, 1988b:90)
Example 1. Vengeance is mine ! à Saatnya balas dendam
2. have a
good time ! = bersenang-senanglah !
- Paraphrase:
in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained. Here the
explanation is much more detailed than that of descriptive equivalent.
(Newmark, 1988b:91)
Example 1.
2.
- Couplets:
it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures. (Newmark,
1988b:91)
Example 1.
2.
- Notes:
notes are additional information in a translation. (Newmark, 1988b:91)
Example 1. PS : Milky Way
is a galaxy = NB : Bima Sakti adalah sebuah galaxy
2. Spoiler : Fast and Furious 7 will be display on 2015 = Bocoran :
Fust and Furious akan tayang pada tahun 2015
